Spain is currently under the influence of a massive Saharan dust cloud, spreading from the North African desert across the Atlantic Ocean and first reaching the Canary Islands. Meteorologists describe this phenomenon as “Calima” – a dense accumulation of dust and sand in the atmosphere that dulls the sky and reduces visibility.
Spain Press Editorial Team
by Marlon Gallego Bosbach
Saharan Dust Cloud Spreads Across Spain
The Saharan dust cloud has already been flagged in weather service warnings: particularly in the Canary Islands, an airborne dust alert has been issued, as visibility is significantly reduced and air quality is deteriorating. The Calima is also expected to spread to large parts of mainland Spain in the coming days.
What is Calima and how does it form?
Calima is a weather phenomenon in which fine desert dust from the Sahara rises into the atmosphere and is carried over long distances. The dust is usually transported northwards by strong winds, such as the Harmattan, or by locally occurring pressure differences over North Africa.
When these dust particles meet the moist air over Spain, they can become incorporated into rain clouds. If it rains, the particles are carried down to the ground – resulting in the so-called “Lluvia de Barro”, a reddish-brown rain that often leaves marks on cars, streets, and windows.
Meteorologists emphasise that Calima is not dangerous for the general public, but it can reduce air quality and be uncomfortable for people with respiratory conditions.
“Lluvia de Barro” Weather Effect Possible
Weather experts warn that the airborne dust can mix with incoming rain fronts, leading to what is known as “Lluvia de Barro” – a rain that leaves reddish-brown streaks due to the dust particles. This phenomenon creates visible marks and a gloomy atmosphere in the affected areas.
Temperatures Rise, Visibility Drops
The Calima situation is accompanied by unusual warming: warm air masses from Africa are bringing above-average temperatures for this time of year, reaching up to around 30 °C, especially on the Canary Islands. At the same time, the dust reduces visibility, which in some areas drops to just a few thousand metres.
Impact on Daily Life and Health
Although the weather remains largely dry, the increased dust concentration affects air quality, which can be particularly challenging for people with respiratory conditions or allergies. Authorities advise limiting outdoor physical activities and taking precautions for especially vulnerable groups.
Weather Situation Across Spain
While the Canary Islands are at the centre of Calima activity, current forecasts indicate that similar effects could soon reach mainland Spain. There, the sky would be hazier and the air murkier, even if dust concentrations are not as intense as on the islands.
