New export data from Spain has triggered political debate, as critics point to a possible contradiction between the government’s strong anti-war rhetoric and previously approved trade with Iran.
Spain Press Editorial Team
While the government of Pedro Sánchez has taken a clear public stance against military escalation in the conflict involving Iran, newly highlighted export data has sparked discussion about Spain’s commercial relations with the country.
According to official figures from Spain’s Secretary of State for Trade, the Spanish government authorised exports of dual-use materials to Iran worth approximately €1.33 million between 2024 and the first half of 2025. Dual-use goods are products or technologies that can have both civilian and military applications.
Among the exported items listed in the report are detonators, certain types of explosives, laboratory reagents and specialised control software. These materials are commonly used in industrial processes, scientific research and energy-related sectors, although in some cases they can theoretically also be used for military purposes.
Strict European export controls
Spanish authorities stress that these shipments do not constitute direct weapons exports. Dual-use goods are subject to strict licensing procedures within the European Union and must comply with international export control regulations.
According to the government, each export licence is individually assessed and approvals can be denied if there is a risk that the products might be used for military escalation, internal repression or the development of weapons programmes.
Nevertheless, some observers say the situation may appear contradictory. At a time when Prime Minister Sánchez has adopted a very clear and public position against military escalation in the Middle East, the existence of approved exports of technologies that could theoretically have military applications raises questions for critics.
Background: tensions with the United States
The debate has gained additional attention as Spain is currently facing diplomatic tensions with the United States. Madrid recently refused to allow the use of the joint military bases of Naval Station Rota in Cádiz and Morón Air Base near Seville for operations related to the Iran conflict.
The Spanish government has argued that any such use of its territory must comply with international law.
For some political analysts, the controversy highlights how sensitive trade relations with geopolitically controversial countries can become during periods of international crisis
